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Principles of zirconia ceramics
Zirconia ceramics have high hardness, and Mohs scale hardness is 6.5. It can be made into cold forming tools, shaping molds, wire drawing molds, cutting tools, etc. Zirconia ceramics have high strength and good toughness, with a compressive strength of 2100MPa at room temperature and 1190MPa at 1000 ℃. The best toughened ceramic has a Flexural strength of 2000MPa and a fracture toughness of 9MPa · m1/2. Used to manufacture engine components such as push rods, connecting rods, bearings, cylinder liners, piston caps, etc.
Zirconia ceramics have high fire resistance, low specific heat and thermal conductivity, making them ideal high-temperature insulation materials; Good chemical stability, able to resist corrosion from acidic and neutral substances at high temperatures. Zirconia crucibles are used for smelting and purifying metals and alloys, such as platinum, palladium, rubidium, and rhodium. It is very stable for molten steel and is a refractory material used for continuous ingot casting.
The electrical properties of zirconia ceramics vary with the type, content, and testing temperature of stabilizers. Pure zirconia is a good insulator with a specific resistance of up to 1015 Ω · m at room temperature. After adding stabilizer, its electrical resistivity significantly increases. So stable zirconia ceramics are ion conductive ceramics at high temperatures.
Zirconia ceramic
The stabilized zirconia ceramic has oxygen vacancies and can be used as a gas sensing element. Zirconia solid electrolyte has the ability to transfer oxygen ions under certain conditions, and can be made into high-temperature fuel cell solid electrolyte separators, steel liquid oxygen detection heads, etc.
In addition, utilizing the phase transition characteristics of zirconia, adding zirconia to a series of other oxide matrices such as mullite, alumina, spinel, etc. can improve the toughness of these oxides, such as zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA), which is a ZTA ceramic containing zirconia, with a strength of up to 1200MPa and a toughness of 16MPa/m2.
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