The Basic Processing Process of Ceramic Balls

The processing process of ceramic balls mainly includes processes such as sintering of ceramic ball blanks, pre rounding of ceramic ball blanks, grinding, and polishing, gradually improving the requirements for sphericity and surface quality.

The spherical error and diameter difference of ceramic ball blanks are significant. In order to unify the diameter tolerance and facilitate grinding, it is necessary to pre round the ceramic ball blanks, mainly using the method of grinding wheel. The working principle of ceramic ball grinding is that during grinding, under the action of processing load, the grinding wheel drives the ceramic ball blank to rotate along the circular groove of the cast iron disc, while the ball blank rotates itself. As the ceramic ball circulates between the grinding disc groove and the ball conveying device, the ball blank is evenly ground.

In order to reduce the processing cost of ceramic balls and ensure the quality of finished balls, a "near net shape" ceramic ball blank forming and sintering process has been developed both domestically and internationally. The ceramic ball blank produced by the "near net shape" process has small spherical error and diameter variation, and can be directly ground for processing. The grinding of ceramics generally involves multiple processes such as rough grinding and fine grinding, and the main processing process is: rough grinding → fine grinding → ultra fine grinding → polishing.

In the rough grinding stage, the abrasive particle size is relatively coarse, and the abrasive achieves cutting, scraping, squeezing, and peeling effects on the surface of the ceramic ball, removing the surplus of the ball blank, and improving the dimensional and spherical accuracy of the ball. The rough grinding process needs to achieve a machining allowance of 95% for ceramic rough balls, and it is necessary to increase the machining speed as much as possible while ensuring the quality of ceramic ball machining.

The purpose of the precision grinding stage is to further improve the surface processing defects caused by rough grinding, and improve the surface quality and accuracy of ceramic balls. The abrasive used in this stage has a smaller particle size, and the dimensional accuracy, spherical accuracy, and surface defects after precision grinding generally meet the technical requirements that are closer to the finished product. The abrasive particle size used in the ultra precision grinding stage is smaller than that used in the second stage, and the material removal ability is weaker. This gradually improves the surface quality of ceramic balls, such as surface roughness, until it meets the requirements of the finished product.

The final polishing stage is to improve the surface roughness of the ball and remove the processing damage layer as much as possible, which plays an important role in reducing the surface roughness of the ceramic ball and reducing surface defects (such as surface microcracks, pits, etc.), and is crucial for the performance of ceramic ball bearings.

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